As I noted in 2009:
I pointed out last year:Scientists say they have discovered a black hole in a distant galaxy that spouted water in a powerful jet:
Indeed, scientists say that "surveys of ... younger galaxies show that ... about 5% have powerful water masers".
Now, scientists have found a black hole which shoots out jets of gas and highly energetic particles into a neighboring galaxy, speeding up star formation in nearby clouds of matter.National Geographic reports this week that stars also shoot water and other matter into space:
Seven hundred and fifty light-years from Earth, a young, sunlike star has been found with jets that blast epic quantities of water into interstellar space, shooting out droplets that move faster than a speeding bullet.
The discovery suggests that protostars may be seeding the universe with water. These stellar embryos shoot jets of material from their north and south poles as their growth is fed by infalling dust that circles the bodies in vast disks.
"If we picture these jets as giant hoses and the water droplets as bullets, the amount shooting out equals a hundred million times the water flowing through the Amazon River every second," said Lars Kristensen, a postdoctoral astronomer at Leiden University in the Netherlands.
"We are talking about velocities reaching 200,000 kilometers [124,000 miles] per hour, which is about 80 times faster than bullets flying out of a machine gun," said Kristensen, lead author of the new study detailing the discovery, which has been accepted for publication in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
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Located in the northern constellation Perseus, the protostar is no more than a hundred thousand years old and remains swaddled in a large cloud—gas and dust from which the star was born.
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Water forms on the star, where temperatures are a few thousand degrees Celsius. But once the droplets enter the outward-spewing jets of gas, 180,000-degree-Fahrenheit (100,000-degree-Celsius) temperatures blast the water back into gaseous form.
Once the hot gases hit the much cooler surrounding material—at about 5,000 times the distance from the sun to Earth—they decelerate, creating a shock front where the gases cool down rapidly, condense, and reform as water, Kristensen said.
***What's really exciting about the discovery is that it appears to be a stellar rite of passage, the researchers say, which may shed new light on the earliest stages of our own sun's life—and how water fits into that picture.
"We are only now beginning to understand that sunlike stars probably all undergo a very energetic phase when they are young," Kristensen said. "It's at this point in their lives when they spew out a lot of high-velocity material—part of which we now know is water."
Like a celestial sprinkler system, the star may be enriching the interstellar medium—thin gases that float in the voids between stars. And because the hydrogen and oxygen in water are key components of the dusty disks in which stars form, such protostar sprinklers may be encouraging the growth of further stars, the study says.
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The water-jet phenomenon seen in Perseus is "probably a short-lived phase all protostars go through," Kristensen said.
"But if we have enough of these sprinklers going off throughout the galaxy—this starts to become interesting on many levels."
For more mind-blowing science facts, see:
Megamasers!
ReplyDeletePaul DeGrazia has suggested that the earth and most of the planets were linked in a tube which was filled with water clouds, the source of the water in our oceans.
We are told by some that the earth grows by a mm a year due to meteorites. But if there is a large amount of hydroxyl ions then we grow by more and an unknown amount. The sun provides massive numbers of H ions, protons, in the so called solar wind.
Good to see you on this wavelength?